Still waiting for Mr. Drew to answer how is it that manifest heresy does not destroy the Papal Office.
The belief that a Pope cannot be a heretic is rooted in the dogma that manifest heretics are outside the Church. They are not members.
Cantarella,
I know that Pope Francis is a heretic because I keep Dogma as my proximate rule of faith. The definition of a heretic is a baptized Catholic who does not keep Dogma as their rule of faith. I do not know by what criteria you are judging that the conciliar popes are heretics if it is not by Dogma.
It is a dogma that manifest (formal) heretics are formally outside the Church but so are occult formal heretics (as are all who are in a state of mortal sin) because every mortal sin ends the life of grace in the soul. It is not a dogma that manifest heretics are materially outside the Church, and it will never be because the removal of a manifest heretic materially from the Church is a question of law and not one of doctrine.
We have already covered the parable of the cockle and wheat. The Church Fathers commenting on this passage say that the cockle refers to heretics. The Lord of the Harvest admonishes that the cockle remain until the harvest. The Church may in her wisdom remove any manifest heretic from the Church if in her judgment they are more harmful to the wheat by their continued presence. Again as has already been said, Caiaphas was a manifest heretic and his heresy was not an impediment to sitting on the Chair of Moses thereby legitimately exercising authority under the Old Law. There is in Christ's admonition to 'do as they say but not as they do,' a distinction between the person and the office.
Which leads to your other question, the answer requires a proper distinction between the person and the office, and a recognition that both are substances with their independent beings that through the grace of God are accidentally united. The Pope is accidentally united to the office and the office is accidentally united to the Pope. Contrary to this is the opinion that the office is just the form which is united to the person making the pope and the office one thing without distinction.
Some proof has to be offered either way. For the former, I argue that the dogma on papal infallibility clearly distinguishes between the pope and the office. If the pope and the office were one substantial being, then every act of the pope without exception would be a formal act of the office and this is clearly not so.
But without the dogma, there is other evidence. The Church is a society and a society is philosophically defined as a group of persons working toward a common end under a directing authority. The reason a mob working for a particular end is not a society is because it has no directing authority. It is in the nature of every society to possess a directing authority as a necessary attribute without which it cannot be a society.
St. Pius X said in Pascendi, that “The nature of this authority (of a society) is to be gathered from its origin, and its rights and duties from its nature.” A “nature” can only be possessed by something having a substantial existence and it is from understanding the nature that we know the "rights and duties" of the authority exercised. The "origin" of this divine Authority we know as well as its "rights" and "duties" which are the visible signs of the office. We know that the papacy has a substantial existence because it is the material expression of the Attribute of Authority which God has endowed His Church. This Authority is present in the Church even after a pope dies, and when the new pope assumes the papacy, he will then exercise the exact same Authority as his predecessor. This is also true for the Magisterium, the teaching authority, is the exact same Magisterium for every pope.
When a pope is elected and accepts the office, God units the substantial form of the papacy accidentally to the subject of the pope, and the substantial form of the pope accidentally to the subject of the papacy. The union is analogous to the sacrament of marriage where both parties are united accidentally but maintain their own substantial existences. When the pope dies, we know the soul has departed because the body corrupts. When the body corrupts there can be no accidental forms subsisting in the subject as well. The papacy continues to exist in the Church as the necessary structure of authority without a pope while awaiting its next designated occupant. In this "marriage," it is God who unites the substantial form of the papacy as an accident of the designated pope.
What happens with manifest heresy? Without the corruption of the body, there is no evidence that the substantial form or any accidental forms have been removed. The pope cannot be judged by anyone excepting in the possibility of heresy, (which is open to theological speculation as to when and how), and as the supreme legislator, he is not liable for any canonical penalty being subject only to the moral consequences of violating the law. Since God has bestowed the form of the papacy on the person of the Pope, only God can remove it.
What is the evidence that God has done so? There is no physical evidence outside of death or personal abdication that the pope is removed from the office. There is plenty of speculation as to if, when, and how this might happen and you are free to join in the speculation provided you keep dogma as your rule of faith and never arrive at doctrinal positions that are incompatible with revealed truth. S&Sers do not do this.
But there is evidence that God has not dissolved the union between the manifest heretical conciliar popes and the papal office. That is this: not once have these popes, in spite of having complete control of the Vatican, ever engaged the Magisterium, that is, the teaching authority of the Church grounded upon its Attributes of Authority and Infallibility, to bind the Catholic conscience to doctrinal or moral error. Until this happens, and the S&Sers get their own pope, they have no argument.
A manifest heretic cannot damage the papacy in its substance but he can do great moral harm to the office just as he can do great moral harm to the Church as a whole with the associated loss of many souls. Without divine intervention there is little hope. John of St. Thomas offers a very good argument that the pope can be judged for the crime of heresy by the bishops in council, and as the Church designated the pope-elect before God joined him to the office, so the Church must designate him a heretic before God will remove him. The problem is that long before Vatican II Dogma was overthrown as the rule of faith primarily by the 1949 Holy Office Letter. Since that time nearly every bishop has reduced Dogma to theological maxims rather than formal objects of divine and Catholic faith. Since the bishops do not hold Dogma as the rule of faith, there can be no council to charge the pope as a heretic for not keeping Dogma as his rule of faith.
Drew